Lawmakers in Maryland are once again debating a proposal that would permit firefighters across the state to use medical marijuana while off duty, provided certain conditions are met.
The legislation, which has already cleared the Maryland Senate, is now under consideration in the House of Delegates. If approved, it would allow certified firefighters to use physician-prescribed medical cannabis during their personal time. However, the bill requires firefighters to stop using marijuana at least 12 hours before the start of their shift.
Howard County may serve as a model for the statewide effort. In December 2025, the county approved a similar policy permitting off-duty medical cannabis use among firefighters under defined guidelines.
Supporters argue that firefighters should not be forced to choose between their careers and legitimate medical treatment. Grant Walker, President of the Prince George’s County Professional Firefighters and Paramedics Association, emphasized that Maryland residents have had legal access to medical cannabis for over a decade. He noted that firefighters, who routinely respond to fires and medical emergencies, deserve the same access to physician-recommended treatments without fear of disciplinary action.
Under current policies in many jurisdictions, firefighters who test positive for cannabis—even if used legally and off duty—can face suspension, termination, or other penalties.
One firefighter testified before lawmakers that he disclosed his medical cannabis use to supervisors as part of treatment for a long-term injury. Shortly afterward, he said he was required to undergo drug testing, failed the test due to cannabis in his system, and was suspended. Although he has since returned to work, he remains subject to random testing and potential termination if he tests positive again.
Some Maryland residents have voiced support for the proposal. Baltimore resident Frankie Spano said that if firefighters are trusted to handle life-saving responsibilities, they should also be trusted to responsibly manage their medical treatment outside of work. Spano added that many firefighters cope with significant mental and emotional stress, including depression, and medical cannabis can be part of that care.
However, critics argue that the bill lacks sufficient safeguards. Opponents contend that the proposal does not clearly define testing standards or adequately address how impairment would be measured while on duty. They also express concern that medical directors and local authorities may lose oversight if they are not explicitly included in the regulatory framework.
Eric Smothers, former president of the Maryland State Firefighters Association, cautioned that medical directors play a critical role in determining whether personnel are fit for duty and should remain central to any policy changes.
This marks the second time lawmakers have taken up the measure. In a previous legislative session, the bill passed in the Senate but failed to gain approval in the House. As debate continues, legislators must balance workplace safety concerns with evolving state policies surrounding medical cannabis use.
